B.A.     Geography and Biology            Western Michigan University              1972

M.S.    Range Science                          Colorado State University                     1974

Ph.D.   Range Science                          Colorado State University                     1980

1974 – 1976    Environmental Engineer, Utah International Inc., San Francisco, CA

1976 – 1980    Research Associate, Range Science Department, Colorado State University

1980 – 1984    Assistant Professor, Range Science Department, Colorado State University

1984 – 1988    Associate Professor, Range Science Department, Colorado State University

1988 – 2007    Professor, Rangeland Ecosystem Science Department, Colorado State University

1996 – 2007    Director, Center for Ecological Risk Assessment and Management, Colorado State University

2002—2005    Head of Forest, Rangeland, and Watershed Stewardship Department, Colorado State University

2003—2006    Associate Dean for Research, College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University

2005—2006    Interim Associate Vice President for Research, Colorado State University

2006—2007    Interim Dean, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University

2007—Pres.    Professor Emeritus, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University  

2007—2010.   Vice President and Principal Ecologist, MWH Americas, Inc., Fort Collins, CO

Outstanding Professor of the Year        1982    Range Science Department, CSU

Outstanding Faculty Award                    1992    College of Natural Resources, CSU

Outstanding Professor of the Year        1994    Range Science Department, CSU

Outstanding Achievement Award          1994    Society for Range Management

John E. Cermak Advising Award           1995    Colorado State University

Outstanding Faculty Award                    1998    College of Natural Resources, CSU

Favorite Professor Award                       2000    CNR College Student Council, CSU

Outstanding Professor Award                 2000    College of Natural Resources, CSU

Outstanding Undergrad. Teacher           2001    Society for Range Management 

Outstanding Professor of the Year         2002    Range Science Department, CSU

University Dist. Teaching Scholar          2003    Colorado State University

Theodore M. Sperry Award                    2007    Society for Ecological Restoration

James A. Pendleton Award                     2008    Colorado Division of Reclamation and Mining

1989-1990       Governor's Commission on Mountain Scars to address issues of mining scars along front range of Colorado

            1999                Nomination to the National Academy of Sciences’ Committee on Hardrock Mining on Federal Lands

National

·        U.S. Department of Energy Oil Shale Task Force, 1980-1985

·        U.S. Department of Energy Oil Shale Executive Committee, 1980-85

·        Soil Conservation Society of America, Native Plant Materials Committee, 1980-1983

·        Executive Committee for DOE's Arid Lands Ecology Program, 1985-1990

·        American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, National Meeting Organizational Committee, 1986

·        Society for Range Management, Publications Committee, 1989-1992

·        Society for Range Management, Annual Meeting Planning Committee, 1992-1994

·        Editorial Board, Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 1998-2001

·        Society for Range Management, Annual Meeting Program Co-Chair, 2000

·        Editorial Board, Arid Land Research and Management, 2001-2006

·        Society for Range Management, Publications Committee, 2001-2006

1979       Ecological Society of America/AIBS Symposium, Tucson, AZ

1980       U.S. Department of Energy, Second US DOE Environmental Control Symposium, Reston, VA

1980       U.S. Department of Energy, Oil Shale Environmental Challenges I Symposium, Vail, CO

1981       U.S. Department of Energy, Oil Shale Environmental Challenges II Symposium, Vail, CO

1982       National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Workshop of Oil Shale Research Needs, Denver, CO

1983       American Association for the Advancement of Science, Annual Meeting, Detroit, MI

1984       2nd International Rangeland Congress, Adelaide, Australia

1985       American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, Denver, CO

1985       14th International Grassland Congress, Kyoto, Japan

1986       High Altitude Revegetation Workshop, Fort Collins, CO

1986       American Association for the Advancement of Science, Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA

1987       XIV International Botanical Congress, West Berlin, Germany

1988       III International Rangeland Congress, New Delhi, India

1990       George Wright Society, 6th Conference on Research and Management in the National Parks, El Paso, TX

1991       American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, Annual Meeting, Durango, CO

1992       Symposium on Ecological Management and Restoration of Intermountain Annual Rangelands, Boise, ID

1993       Symposium on Forest Research, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

1994       High Altitude Revegetation Workshop, Fort Collins, CO

1994       Peruvian Ministry of Energy and Mines, Cerro De Pasco, Peru

1998       Montana State University, Distinguished Scientists Series, Bozeman, MT

1999       6th International Rangeland Congress, Townsville, Australia

1999       Geological Society of America, Denver, CO

2000       High Altitude Revegetation Workshop, Fort Collins, CO

2000       Colorado Section, Society for Range Management, Annual Meeting, Fort Collins, CO

2001       Society for Range Management, Annual Meeting, Kona, HI

2003       Society for Range Management, Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT

2004       EPA Hazardous Substance Research Center Meeting, Las Vegas, NV

2005       American Society of Mining and Reclamation, Breckenridge, CO

            Total number of graduate students advised to completion: 66

            Total number of postdoctoral candidates mentored: 6

1978-1990       U.S. Department of Energy

1978-1981       CF&I Steel Corporation, ($100,000)

1980-1983       Mining and Minerals Resources Research Institute (USDI)

1984-1986       National Science Foundation

1988-1992       National Park Service

1991-1994       Pintlar Corporation/EPA

1991-1993       EPA

1991-1994       City of Fort Collins

1993-1995       Los Alamos National Laboratory

1993-1997       USDA-CSRS

1994-1996       EPA

1993-1997       Mesa Verde National Park

1994-2000       USFWS

1995-2004       Colorado Department of Health & Environment/EPA

1997-2000       USDA

1998-2002       EPA

2000-2003       DoD

2003-2005       EPA—Hazardous Substance Research Center

2004-2005       NPS/RMNP

2005-2009       Williams Co.

1990-2010       Idarado Mining Co.

2003-2010       Molycorp and Chevron Mining, Inc.

2005-2010       PacifiCorp

2007-2010       AREVA, Inc.

Australia, Austria, Brazil, China, Germany, Hungary, India, Japan, and Peru

Journal Articles

Redente, Edward F., and F. Brent Reeves.  1981.  Interaction between VA mycorrhiza and Rhizobium and their effect on sweetvetch growth.  Soil Sci. 132:410-415.

Redente, Edward F.  1981.  Reclaiming oil shale disturbances.  Western Wildl.  7:35-37.Redente, Edward F.  1982.  Sweetvetch seed germination.  J. Range Manage.  35:469-472.

Redente, E. F., C. B. Mount, and W. J. Ruzzo.  1982.  Vegetation com­position and production as affected by soil thickness over retorted oil shale.  Reclam. Reveg. Res. 1:109-122

Doerr, T. B., E. F. Redente, and T. E. Sievers.  1983.  Effect of cultural practices on seeded plant communities on intensively disturbed soils.  J. Range Manage.  36:423-428

Doerr, T. B., and E. F. Redente.  1983.  Seeded plant community changes on intensively disturbed soils as affected by cultural practices.  Reclam. Reveg. Res. 2:13-24.

Fulbright, Timothy E., Edward F. Redente, and A. M. Wilson.  1983.  Germination requirements of green needlegrass (Stipa viridula Trin.).  J. Range Manage.  36:390-394.

Doerr, Ted B., E. F. Redente, and F. B. Reeves.  1984.  Effects of soil disturbance on plant succession and levels of mycorrhizal fungi in a sagebrush-grassland community.  J. Range Manage.  37:135-139.

Fulbright, Timothy E., A. M. Wilson, and E. F. Redente.  1984.  Effects of temporary dehydration on growth of green needlegrass (Stipa viridula Trin.) seedlings.  J. Range Manage.  37:462-464.

Grygiel, C. E., C. D. Bonham, and E. F. Redente.  1984.  Combined effects of environmental and agronomic factors on the invasion patterns of Sphaeralcea coccinea onto a reseeded site.  Phytologia 56:145-153.

Hargis, Norman E., and Edward F. Redente.  1984.  Soil handling practices in the western United States.  J. Soil Water Conserv. 39:300-305.

Redente, Edward F., Ted B. Doerr, Carolyn E. Grygiel, and Mario E. Biondini.  1984.  Vegetation establishment and succession on disturbed soils in northwest Colorado.  Reclam. Reveg. Res. 3:153-165.

Biondini, M. E., C. D. Bonham, and E. F. Redente.  1985.  Relationships between induced successional patterns and soil biological activity of reclaimed areas.  Recl. Reveg. Res. 3:323-342.

Biondini, Mario E., Charles D. Bonham, and Edward F. Redente.  1985.  Secondary successional patterns in a sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) community as they relate to soil disturbance and soil biological activity.  Vegetation 60:25-36.

Fulbright, T. E., A. M. Wilson, and E. F. Redente.  1985.  Green need­legrass (Stipa viridula Trin.) seedling morphology in relation to planting depth.  J. Range Manage.  38:262-265.

Fulbright, Timothy, E., A. M. Wilson, and Edward Redente.  1985.  Green needlegrass and blue grama seedling growth in controlled environments.  J. Range Manage. 38:410-414.

Redente, Edward F., and Norman E. Hargis.  1985.  An evaluation of soil thickness and manipulation of soil and spoil for reclaiming mined land in northwest Colorado.  Recl. Reveg. Res. 4:17-29.

Stark, John M., and Edward F. Redente.  1985.  Soil-plant diversity relationships on a disturbed site in Colorado.  Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 49:1028-1034.

Biondini, M. E., and E. F. Redente.  1986.  Interactive effect of stimulus and stress on plant community diversity in reclaimed lands.  Recl. and Reveg. Res. 4:211-222.

Grygiel, Carolyn E., Charles D. Bonham, and Edward F. Redente.  1986.  Invasion pattern mapping of non-seeded species on a shallowly disturbed seeded site.  The Prairie Naturalist 18:1-18.

Reddy, K. J., W. L. Lindsay, F. W. Boyle, and E. F. Redente.  1986.  Solubility relationships and mineral transformations associated with recarbonation of retorted shales.  J. Envir. Qual. 15:129-133.

Stark, John M., and E. F. Redente.  1986.  Trace element and salt movement in retorted oil shale disposal sites.  J. Environ. Qual. 15:282-288.

Metzger, W. C., D. A. Klein, and E. F. Redente.  1986.  Bacterial physiological diversity in the rhizosphere of range plants in response to retorted shale stress.  Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 52:765-770.

Redente, Edward F.  1986.  Influence of restoration practices on plant community development in the semiarid west.  Note in Restoration and Mgmt. Notes 4:40.

Redente, Edward F.  1986.  Influence of soil disturbance on native plant community development and mycorrhizal fungi.  Note in Restoration and Mgmt. Notes 4:40.

Stark, John M., and E. F. Redente.  1987.  Production potential of stockpiled topsoil, Soil Sci. 144:72-76.

Ogle, Philip R. and Edward F. Redente.  1988.  Plant succession on surface mined lands in the West.  Rangelands 10:37-42.

Biondini, M. E., D. A. Klein, and E. F. Redente.  1988.  Carbon and nitrogen losses through root exudation by Agropyron cristatum, A. smithii, and Bouteloua gracilis and their potential contribution to N cycling.  Soil Biol. and Biochem. 20:477-482.

Biondini, M. E., P. W. Mielke, and E. F. Redente.  1988.  Permutation techniques based on euclidean analysis spaces:  a new and powerful statistical method for ecological research.  Coenoses 3:155-174.

Klein, D. A., B. A. Frederick, and E. F. Redente. 1989.  Fertilizer effects on microbial communities and organic matter in the rhizosphere of Sitanion hystrix and Agropyron smithii.  Arid Soil Res. and Rehab. 3:397-404.

Redente, Edward F., Mario E. Biondini, and John C. Moore.  1989. Produc­tivity dynamics of a crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) and native shortgrass ecosystem in southern Wyoming.  J. Range Manage. 42:113-118.

Stark, John M., and Edward F. Redente.  1990.  Plant uptake and cycling of trace elements on retorted oil shale disposal piles.  J. Envir. Qual. 19:495-501.

Carpenter, Alan T., John C. Moore, and Edward F. Redente.  1990.  Plant community structural dynamics in relation to nutrient addition following a major disturbance in a semi-arid ecosystem.  Plant and Soil 126:91-99.

Stark, J. M. and E. F. Redente.  1990.  Copper fertilization to prevent molybdenosis on retorted shale disposal piles.  J. Envir. Qual. 19:502-504.

McLendon, T. and E. F. Redente.  1990.  Secondary succession patterns following soil disturbance in a sagebrush steppe community.  Oecologia 85:293-300.

Hunt, H. W., M. J. Trlica, E. F. Redente, J. C. Moore, J. K. Detling, T. G. F. Kittel, D. E. Walter, M. C. Fowler, D. A. Klein, and E. T. Elliott.  1991.  Simulation model for the effects of climate change on temperate grassland ecosystems.  Ecological Modelling 53:205-246.

Cotts, N. R., E. F. Redente, and R. Schiller.  1991.  Restoration methods for abandoned roads at lower elevations in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming.  Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 5:235-249.

McLendon, T. and E. F. Redente.  1991.  Nitrogen and phosphorus effects on secondary succession dynamics on a semi-arid sagebrush site.  Ecology 72:2016-2024.

Redente, E. F., J. E. Friedlander, and T. McLendon.  1992.  Response of early and late successional species to nutrient gradients.  Plant and Soil 140:127-135.

McLendon, Terry and Edward F. Redente.  1992.  Effects of nitrogen limitation on secondary succession dynamics on a semiarid sagebrush site.  Oecologia 91:312-317.

Hoffmann, L. A., E. F. Redente, and L. C. McEwen.  1994.  Rodent granivory:  A trophic constraint on the establishment of seeded shortgrass.  Ecological Applications 5:200-208.

Cook, C. Wayne and E. F. Redente.  1993.  Development of the ranching industry in Colorado.  Rangelands 15:204-207.

Harris-Pierce, R. L., E. F. Redente, and K. A. Barbarick.  1994.  Sewage sludge application effects on runoff water quality in a semiarid grassland.  J. Enir. Quality 24:112-115.

Richard, C. E. and E. F. Redente.  1995.  Nitrogen and phosphorus effects on blue grama and buffalograss interactions.  J. Range Manage.  48:417-422.

Klein, Donald A., T. McLendon, M. W. Paschke, and E. F. Redente.  1995.  Saprophytic fungal-bacterial biomass variations in successional communities of a semiarid steppe ecosystem.  Biol. Fert. Soils 19:253-256.

Klein, D. A., T. McLendon, M. W. Paschke, and E. F. Redente.  1996.  Nitrogen availability and fungal-bacterial responses in successional semiarid steppe soils.  Arid Soil Res. and Rehab.  10:321-332.

Redente, E. F.  and J. L. Richards.  1997.  The effect of lime and fertilizer amendments on plant growth in smelter impacted soils in Montana, USA.  Arid Soil Res. and Rehab. 11:353-366.

Redente, E. F., T. McLendon, and W. Agnew.  1997.  Influence of topsoil depth on plant community dynamics of a seeded site in northwest Colorado.  Arid Soil Res. and Rehab. 11:139-149.

Bowerman, Andrew G. and Edward F. Redente.  1998.  Biointrusion of protective barriers as hazardous waste sites.  J. Envir. Quality 27:625-632.

Horn, Blaine E. and Edward F. Redente.  1998.  Soil nitrogen and plant cover of an old-field on the shortgrass steppe in southeastern Colorado.  Arid Soil Res. and Rehab. 12:193-206.

Klein, D. A., M. W. Paschke, and E. F. Redente.  1998.  Assessment of fungal-bacterial development in successional shortgrass steppe by direct integration of chloroform-fumigation extraction and microscopically derived data.  Soil Biology and Biochemistry 30:573-581.

Pierce, B. L., E. F. Redente, K. A. Barbarick, R. B. Brobst, and P. Hegeman.  1998.  Plant biomass and elemental changes in shrubland forages following biosolids application.  J. Environmental Quality 27:789-794.

Levy, David B., E. F. Redente, and G. D. Uphoff.  1999.  Phytotoxicity assessment of native grasses growing in Pb-Zn tailings Tri-State Mining District, USA.  Soil Science 164:363-375.

Ippolito, J. A., K. A. Barbarick, and E. F. Redente.  1999.  Co-application effects of water treatment residuals and biosolids on two range grasses.  J. Environmental Quality 28:1644-1650.

Redente, E. F. and W. R. Keammerer.  1999.  Use of native plants for mined land reclamation.  p. 957-961. In D. Eldridge and D. Freudenberger eds. People and Rangelands Building the Future.  VI International Rangeland Congress.  Townsville, Queensland, Australia.

Stevenson, Bryan, Terry McLendon, and Edward F. Redente.  2000.  Effects of soil fumigation and seeding regimes on secondary succession in a semiarid shrubland.  Arid Soil Res. And Rehab. 14:87-99.

Paschke, Mark W., Terry McLendon, and Edward F. Redente.  2000.  Nitrogen availability and old-field succession in a shortgrass steppe.  Ecosystems 3:144-158.

Paschke, Mark W., Claire DeLeo, and Edward F. Redente.  2000.  Revegetation of roadcut slopes in Mesa Verde National Park.  Restoration Ecology 8:276-282.

Paschke, Mark W., Claire DeLeo, and Edward F. Redente.  2000.  Revegetation of roadcut slopes in Mesa Verde National Park.  Restoration Ecology 8:276-282.

Paschke, Mark W., Edward F. Redente, and David B. Levy.  2000.  Zinc toxicity thresholds for important reclamation grass species of the western United States.  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19:2751-2756.

Sydnor, Russell S. and Edward F. Redente.  2000.  Long-term plant community development on topsoil treatments overlying a phytotoxic growth medium.  J. Environmental Quality 29:1778-1786.

Grantham, W. P., E. F. Redente, C. F. Bagley, and M. W. Paschke.  2001.  Tracked vehicle impacts to vegetation    structure and wind erodability of soils.  J. Range Manage. 54:711-716.

Newman, G. J. And E. F. Redente.  2001.  Long-term plant community development asinfluenced by revegetation techniques.  J. Range Manage. 54:717-724.

Meyer, V. A., E. F. Redente, K. A. Barbarick, and B. Brobst.  2001.  Biosolids applications affect runoff water quality following forest fire.  J. Environmental Quality 30:1528-1532.

Redente, E. F., H. Zadeh, and M. W. Paschke.  2002.  Phytotoxicity of smelter-impacted soils in southwest Montana, USA.  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21:269-274.

Ippolito, J.A., K. A. Barbarick, and E. F. Redente.  2002.  Combinations of water treatment residuals and biosolids affect two range grasses.  Commun. Soil Science Plant Anal. 33:831-844.

Winter-Sydnor, M. E. and E. F. Redente 2002.  Reclamation of high-elevation acidic mine waste with organic amendments and topsoil.  J. Environmental Quality 31:1528-1537.

Paschke, Mark W. and  Edward F. Redente.  2002.  Copper toxicity thresholds for important   reclamation grass species of the western United States.  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21:2692-2697.

Paschke, M. W., E. F. Redente, and S. L. Brown.  2003.  Biology and establishment of mountainshrubs on mining disturbances in the Rocky Mountains, USA.  Land Degradation & Development 14:459-480.

Ippolito, J.A., K.A. Barbarick, D.M. Heil, J.P. Chandler, and E.F. Redente. 2003. Phosphorus retention mechanisms of a water treatment residual. J. Environ. Qual. 32:1857-1864.

Lair, Kenneth D. and Edward F. Redente.  2004.  Influence of auxin and sulfonylurea herbicides on seeded native communities.  J. Range Management 57:211-218.

Barbarick, K.A., K. G. Doxtader, E. F. Redente, and R. B. Brobst.  2004.  Biosolids effects on microbial activity in shrubland and grassland soils.  Soil Science 169:176-187.

Meyer, V. F., E. F. Redente, K. A. Barbarick, R. B. Brobst, M. W. Paschke, and A. L. Miller2004.  Plant and soil responses to biosolids application following forest fire.  J.Environmental Quality (33:873-881).

Paschke, M.W., A. Valdecantos and E.F. Redente.  2005.  Manganese toxicity thresholds for important restoration grass species of the Western United States.  Environmental Pollution 135:313-322.

Ippolito, J. A., E. F. Redente, and K.A. Barbarick.  2005.  Amendment effects on pH and salt content of bauxite residue.  Soil Science  170:832-841. 

Paschke, M.W., K. Topper, R.B. Brobst and E.F. Redente.  2005.  Long-term effects of biosolids on revegetation of disturbed sagebrush steppe in Northwestern Colorado.  Restoration Ecology 13:545-551.

Paschke, Mark W., Laura G. Perry, and E.F. Redente.  2006.  Zinc toxicity thresholds for reclamation forb species.  Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 170:317-330.

Meiman, P.J., E.F. Redente and M.W. Paschke.  2006.  The role of the native soil community in the invasion ecology of spotted (Centaurea maculosa auct. non Lam.) and diffuse (C. diffusa Lam.) knapweed.  Applied Soil Ecology 32:77-88.

Paschke, Mark W., Alejandro Valdencantos, and  Edward F. Redente.  2009.  Manganesetoxicity thresholds for important reclamation forb species of the western United States.  J. Environmental Quality (accepted).

Meiman, Paul J., Edward F. Redente and Mark W. Paschke.  2009.  Diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.) seedling emergence and establishment in a Colorado grassland.  Plant Ecology 201:631-638. 

Perry, Laura, Dana Blumenthal, Thomas Monaco, Mark Paschke, and Edward Redente.  2010.  Immobilizing nitrogen to control plant invasion.  Oecologia (in press).

Book Chapters

Redente, E. F., W. J. Ruzzo, C. Wayne Cook, and W. A. Berg.  1980.  Retorted oil shale characteristics and reclamation, p. 169-200.  In K. K. Peterson, ed.  Oil Shale, The Environmental Challenges.  Colorado School of Mines Press, Golden.

Redente, E. F., and T. B. Doerr.  1982.  Revegetation research on retorted oil shale materials, p. 215-244.  In Kathy Kellogg Peterson, ed.  Oil Shale, The Environmental Challenges II.  Colorado School of Mines Press, Golden.

Klein, D. A., D. L. Sorenson, and E. F. Redente.  1985.  Soil enzymatic approaches to oil shale reclamation, p. 141-171.  In R. L. Tate and D. A. Klein, eds.  Soil Reclamation Processes.  Microbiological Analyses and Applications.  Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Smith, Peter L., Edward F. Redente, and Everett Hooper.  1987.  Soil organic matter, p. 185-214.  In R. Dean Williams and Gerald E. Schuman, eds.  Reclaiming Mine Soils and Overburden in the Western United States, Analytic Parameters and Procedures.  Soil Conservation Society of America.  Ankeny, Iowa.

DePuit, Edward J., and Edward F. Redente.  1988.  Ecosystem dynamics on reconstructed semiarid lands, p. 162-204.  In Edith Allen, ed. Reclamation of Disturbed Arid Ecosystems.  Westview Press.

Redente, Edward F., and Edward J. DePuit.  1988.  Reclamation of drastical­ly disturbed rangelands, p. 559-584.  In Paul T. Tueller, ed.  Vegetation Science Applications for Rangelands Analysis and Management.  Kluwer Academic Pub.

Reeves, F. B., and E. F. Redente.  1990.  The importance of mutualism in succession, p. 423-442.  In J. Skujins, ed.  Semiarid Lands and Deserts:  Soil Resource and Reclamation.  Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Biondini, M. E., P. W. Mielke, Jr., and E. F. Redente.  1991.  Permutation techniques based on euclidean analysis space:  a new and powerful statistical method for ecological research, p. 221-240.  In E. Feoli and L. Orloci, eds.  Handbook of Vegetation Science:  Computer Assisted Vegetation Analysis.  Kluwer Academic Pub.

Redente, E. F. and R. I. Barnhisel.  2000.  Reclamation of oil shales. p. 775-799. In R. I. Barnhisel, W. L. Daniels, and R. G. Darmody,  eds. Reclamation of Drastically Disturbed Lands.  American Society of Agronomy. Madison, WI.

Schuman, Gerald and Edward F. Redente.  2002.  Rehabilitation of mined surfaces.  p. 147-156  In Grice, A. C. and K. C. Hodgkinson, eds. Global Rangelands, Progress and Prospects.  CABI Publishing, New York, NY.